Journal: Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology

Article Title: Effective photoinactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains using an HIV-1 Tat peptide-porphyrin conjugate.

doi: 10.1039/c0pp00146e

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 Effect of drug concentration on bacterial photoinactivation with Tat-porphyrin. Survival curves of S. aureus (A), S. pyogenes (B), P. aeruginosa (C) and E. coli (D) incubated with 0.5 or 1 mM of Tat-porphyrin, irradiation time of 43 s giving a fluence of 10 J cm-2. Dark control (-L), light control (+L). Error bars indicate the standard deviation. * P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The Tat–porphyrin compound has a good singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.54 (T.-W. Wang and A. J. MacRobert, unpublished data) as would be expected for a porphyrin derivative, and for comparison the porphyrin itself has a singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.56 as reported by Tanielian et al.41 Bacterial strains and growth conditions Two Gram (+) positive organisms were used in this study; Staphylococcus aureus strain 8325-4 and Streptococcus pyogenes strain 12202, and two Gram (-) bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA01 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 strain were used.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Incubation, Irradiation, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology

Article Title: Effective photoinactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains using an HIV-1 Tat peptide-porphyrin conjugate.

doi: 10.1039/c0pp00146e

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2 Tat-porphyrin fluorescence after 30 min (A) or 5 h (B) incubation with S. pyogenes (□), S. aureus ( ), E. coli (⊡) and P. aeruginosa (■).

Article Snippet: The Tat–porphyrin compound has a good singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.54 (T.-W. Wang and A. J. MacRobert, unpublished data) as would be expected for a porphyrin derivative, and for comparison the porphyrin itself has a singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.56 as reported by Tanielian et al.41 Bacterial strains and growth conditions Two Gram (+) positive organisms were used in this study; Staphylococcus aureus strain 8325-4 and Streptococcus pyogenes strain 12202, and two Gram (-) bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA01 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 strain were used.

Techniques: Incubation

Journal: Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology

Article Title: Effective photoinactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains using an HIV-1 Tat peptide-porphyrin conjugate.

doi: 10.1039/c0pp00146e

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 Effect of light dose on bacterial photoinactivation with Tat-por- phyrin. Survival curves of S. aureus (A), S. pyogenes (B), P. aeruginosa (C) and E. coli (D) incubated with 0.5 mM of Tat-porphyrin and irradiated for 30, 43, 60 and 120 s corresponding respectively to 7, 10, 14 and 28 J cm-2. Dark control (-L), light control (+L), with Tat-porphyrin (P+), without Tat-porphyrin (P-). Error bars indicate the standard deviation. * P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The Tat–porphyrin compound has a good singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.54 (T.-W. Wang and A. J. MacRobert, unpublished data) as would be expected for a porphyrin derivative, and for comparison the porphyrin itself has a singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.56 as reported by Tanielian et al.41 Bacterial strains and growth conditions Two Gram (+) positive organisms were used in this study; Staphylococcus aureus strain 8325-4 and Streptococcus pyogenes strain 12202, and two Gram (-) bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA01 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 strain were used.

Techniques: Incubation, Irradiation, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Journal of materials chemistry. B, Materials for biology and medicine

Article Title: Quaternized chitosans bind onto preexisting biofilms and eradicate pre-attached microorganisms

doi: 10.1039/C4TB01131G

Figure Lengend Snippet: MBC values of the TMC samples with different DQ against bacterial and fungal cells

Article Snippet: The microdilution method 48 was followed to determine the MBCs of the TMC samples against S. epidermidis (Gram-positive bacteria, ATCC 35984), E. coli (Gram-negative bacteria, ATCC 15597), and C. albicans (yeast, ATCC 10231).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of materials chemistry. B, Materials for biology and medicine

Article Title: Quaternized chitosans bind onto preexisting biofilms and eradicate pre-attached microorganisms

doi: 10.1039/C4TB01131G

Figure Lengend Snippet: Zeta-potentials of (A) pure PMMA film, (B) PMMA film with preexisting S. epidermidis biofilm, (C) PMMA film with preexisting E. coli biofilm, (D) PMMA film with preexisting C. albicans biofilm, (E) PMMA film with preexisting S. epidermidis biofilm, after overnight treatment with1.0 mg/mL of TMC28, (F) PMMA film with preexisting E. coli biofilm, after overnight treatment with1.0 mg/mL of TMC28, and (G) PMMA film with preexisting C. albicans biofilm, after overnight treatment with1.0 mg/mL of TMC28.

Article Snippet: The microdilution method 48 was followed to determine the MBCs of the TMC samples against S. epidermidis (Gram-positive bacteria, ATCC 35984), E. coli (Gram-negative bacteria, ATCC 15597), and C. albicans (yeast, ATCC 10231).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of materials chemistry. B, Materials for biology and medicine

Article Title: Quaternized chitosans bind onto preexisting biofilms and eradicate pre-attached microorganisms

doi: 10.1039/C4TB01131G

Figure Lengend Snippet: Binding amounts of Ph-TMC onto biofilms produced by (A) S. epidermidis, (B) E. coli, and (C) C. albicans

Article Snippet: The microdilution method 48 was followed to determine the MBCs of the TMC samples against S. epidermidis (Gram-positive bacteria, ATCC 35984), E. coli (Gram-negative bacteria, ATCC 15597), and C. albicans (yeast, ATCC 10231).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Produced

Journal: Journal of materials chemistry. B, Materials for biology and medicine

Article Title: Quaternized chitosans bind onto preexisting biofilms and eradicate pre-attached microorganisms

doi: 10.1039/C4TB01131G

Figure Lengend Snippet: Level of recoverable adherent (A) S. epidermidis, (B) E. coli, and (C) C. albicans, from the preexisting biofilms after treatment with different concentrations of TMC28. S. epidermidis and E. coli were treated for 24 h, and C. albicans were treated for 48 h. “#”, p<0.05; “*”, p<0.005; and “**”, p<0.001 in comparison with the level of recoverable adherent microorganisms from the control, i.e., TMC28 concentration = 0.

Article Snippet: The microdilution method 48 was followed to determine the MBCs of the TMC samples against S. epidermidis (Gram-positive bacteria, ATCC 35984), E. coli (Gram-negative bacteria, ATCC 15597), and C. albicans (yeast, ATCC 10231).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Journal of materials chemistry. B, Materials for biology and medicine

Article Title: Quaternized chitosans bind onto preexisting biofilms and eradicate pre-attached microorganisms

doi: 10.1039/C4TB01131G

Figure Lengend Snippet: Level of recoverable adherent (A) S. epidermidis, (B) E. coli, and (C) C. albicans, from the preexisting biofilms after treatment with 1.0 mg/mL of TMC28 for different periods of time. “#”, p<0.05; “*”, p<0.005; and “**”, p<0.001 in comparison with the level of recoverable adherent microorganisms from the control, i.e., TMC28 treatment time = 0.

Article Snippet: The microdilution method 48 was followed to determine the MBCs of the TMC samples against S. epidermidis (Gram-positive bacteria, ATCC 35984), E. coli (Gram-negative bacteria, ATCC 15597), and C. albicans (yeast, ATCC 10231).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of materials chemistry. B, Materials for biology and medicine

Article Title: Quaternized chitosans bind onto preexisting biofilms and eradicate pre-attached microorganisms

doi: 10.1039/C4TB01131G

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative SEM images of pre-attached S. epidermidis, E. coli, and C. albicans before (A, C, and E, respectively) and after (B, D, and F, respectively) treating with 1.0 mg/mL of TMC28 (S. epidermidis and E. coli were treated for 24 h, and C. albicans were treated for 48 h).

Article Snippet: The microdilution method 48 was followed to determine the MBCs of the TMC samples against S. epidermidis (Gram-positive bacteria, ATCC 35984), E. coli (Gram-negative bacteria, ATCC 15597), and C. albicans (yeast, ATCC 10231).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of materials chemistry. B, Materials for biology and medicine

Article Title: Quaternized chitosans bind onto preexisting biofilms and eradicate pre-attached microorganisms

doi: 10.1039/C4TB01131G

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative CLSM images of pre-attached S. epidermidis and E. coli before (A and C, respectively) and after (B and D, respectively) treating with TMC28; and fluorescence microscopic images of pre-attached C. albicans before (E) and after (F) treating with TMC28. TMC28 concentration was 1.0 mg/mL. Treatment time for S. epidermidis and E. coli was 24 h, and for C. albicans was 48 h.

Article Snippet: The microdilution method 48 was followed to determine the MBCs of the TMC samples against S. epidermidis (Gram-positive bacteria, ATCC 35984), E. coli (Gram-negative bacteria, ATCC 15597), and C. albicans (yeast, ATCC 10231).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Concentration Assay